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Money matters: The Three ‘R’s - Risk and Reward and Returns (Part 1)
Graham Macdonald
MBMG International Ltd.
In the spirit of always trying to find glasses that are
half full, this week we’ll look more at how the last month has impacted
upon the funds that we recommend rather than picking up on the horror
stories that we’ve been telling everyone to avoid.
Our main thrust, the core of our portfolios, remains
Miton-Optimal’s multi-asset class actively managed funds. You might
recall that these look to allocate to:
Equities
Bonds and fixed interest
Property
Commodities
Cash
Hedge, derivative and alternative funds.
In a sense it’s quite difficult right now for
Miton-Optimal because it would appear that markets are facing major
inflexion points - the assets that have been going up most strongly of
late (tech shares, residential property, the US$) are the ones that are
most likely to fall in value and the ones that have been performing poorly
(cash, Asian property, gold) are the ones that are most likely to perform
well.
The exact jumping off point will be impossible to
predict accurately so achieving a reasonably close approximation is about
the best that can be hoped for. If you’re holding assets that will
perform well in the future and those are the opposite of the assets that
are performing well right now, you’re in danger of looking slightly
silly immediately prior to the markets hitting their inflexion points (and
it should be noted that the inflexion point for each asset class will
usually occur at a slightly different time so the overall inflexion period
could be spread over several weeks or even months).
Short term then, it should be banana skins for our
heroes in South Africa, Guernsey and Reading.
However, the evidence doesn’t really bear that out.
For the last month the PSG Global Dynamic Series of funds managed by
Miton-Optimal’s Scott Campbell came first yet again out of all the
actively managed global portfolios within the S&P database of 15,377
offshore investment funds and portfolios. It’s newer sister series of
funds, the Optimal Coreharbour Portfolios came first out of the newer
neutral (no preference for any asset class) group of global funds compared
by S&P.
| Let’s look at what
would have happened if $100 had been invested in July 1998
into Scott’s PSG portfolios and into an average performing
global investment portfolio: |
|
Today |
Jul-04 |
Jul-03 |
Jul-02 |
Jul-01 |
Jul-00 |
Jul-99 |
| Average |
121.47 |
110.35 |
96.88 |
95.29 |
101.57 |
123.38 |
115.3 |
| PSG |
157.91 |
146.82 |
132.61 |
126.46 |
126.92 |
131.83 |
120.54 |
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Despite all this we’re the first to point out that
good fund managers need to perform all the time, ergo we need to review
longer term data also. We’re also keen to point out that return is only
one part of the risk/reward equation and that good investment managers
achieve distinction in both sides of the equation, indeed that the risk
side is in many ways even more important than the return part.
So looking back to the launch of the PSG portfolios
which have been around for over 7 years. The more recent Coreharbour
portfolios are only around a year old, although they simply represent a
development of the older funds. How does Scott now fare? We know that for
the 5 years to 2003 and to 2004 Scott’s portfolios achieved the highest
returns AND demonstrated the highest levels of risk reward efficiency.
However, we’re near the end of 2005, a year that has, so far, most
rewarded those managers who are willing to take the greatest risks with
their clients’ money. We would not have expected Scott to shine in such
unsuitable conditions. Initially looks to be the case.
Over 5 years performance has fallen from 1st to 24th
place (over 7 years the fall isn’t quite so bad - to 7th place). Still,
the portfolios remain very comfortably in the top quartile of funds over
these periods, an extremely creditable achievement, especially as the
difference between the very top performing fund and those trailing in its
immediate wake are often marginal. In fact this highlights the greater
importance of consistency than having the odd stellar year. Looking at
significant periods since the launch of the PSG funds over 7 years ago, we
can see that over 4, 5 and 7 years the fund has performed within the top
quartile of actively managed global portfolios.
What does that actually mean in terms of the pound,
dollar or euro in your pocket? (To make life easier we’ll convert all
returns to dollars, although we’ll restrict the PSG performance to the
euro and sterling funds as the Dollar fund wasn’t launched 7 years ago,
otherwise the PSG numbers would look even more outstanding).
Averages of course can hide a great deal of detail. If
you had changed funds each year, you might have managed, by some miracle,
to choose the best performing fund each year. This is in despite of the
fact that although these are global actively managed investment portfolios
which are mandated to be able to invest in all asset classes some have
ignored that and have taken a very specialist approach to investing only
in, for instance, global technology stocks (the top performers in the
first of the 2 years above and the worst in the following 2 years) or
global property or global bonds - which started out moderately but were
the best performers in the post millennium equity market crashes.
Continued next week...
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The above data and research was compiled from sources believed to be
reliable. However, neither MBMG International Ltd nor its officers can accept
any liability for any errors or omissions in the above article nor bear any
responsibility for any losses achieved as a result of any actions taken or not
taken as a consequence of reading the above article. For more information please
contact Graham Macdonald on [email protected]
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Snap Shots: Reflectors and absorbers
by Harry Flashman
 Remembering
that all of photography is really just “painting with light”, this
week let’s look at how you can use the available light to your advantage
to make better photographs.
To manipulate the available light to your wishes needs
two pieces of equipment - called reflectors and absorbers, and neither is
difficult to come by, and both cost next to nothing! Yet the difference
these can make to your photos is remarkable.
Now a couple of years ago I was given a silver and a
gold reflector, very natty, fold away, store easily, carry easily
reflectors. These particular ones even come in their own little zip-up
bags to keep them warm and dry. They unfold to make a one and a half metre
diameter circular reflector. Both are white on one side, but on the other,
one is gold and the other is silver. However, they are very simple to
make.
But first, why do you need a reflector? If they are so
damn good, why aren’t we all rushing around with silver and gold
reflectors tucked under our arms? The simple answer is that we get too
complacent and we end up saying that the results we get are “good
enough”, or we were just taking snapshots anyway. However, if you really
want photos that leap off the page, think about reflectors. Really!
The first thing a gold reflector can do for your
photographs is to give skin tones that “golden glow” that just makes
portraits look that much more pleasing.
So what else does a reflector do for your photographs?
Well it allows you to photograph “contre jour” as they say in the
classics. That is having the light behind your subject (generally the sun)
and then you can throw some reflected light back into the subject’s
face. If you do not do this, the usual result is something closer to a
silhouette than a portrait – a bright halo around the subject which then
becomes so dark in the face that you cannot distinguish the features. But
with the reflector, you can push the light back in and pick up the
details.
So that was the gold reflector – what about the
silver one? Well, if you want “clean” and bright light on a subject
anywhere, the silver reflector will do that for you. Use to use this type
of reflector when photographing silver jewellery or even motor cars, for
example. Mind you, if you are photographing gold jewellery you must use a
gold reflector or otherwise the gold necklaces look silver on film.
Now, here’s how you make your own. Get some
“foamcore” – that lightweight plastic material that is often used to
make signs (any signmakers will have some). Around one meter square is OK.
Now go to the newsagents and buy some gold wrapping paper and some silver
wrapping paper. Cover one side of the “foamcore” with silver and the
other side with the gold paper and you have lightweight, portable (you can
fold them in half easily) silver and gold reflectors. And it has cost you
less than a couple of hundred baht.
Now “absorbers”. To give your shots some shadow, or
even an air of mystery, it is good to manipulate the amount of shadow in
your portraits. You do this by placing something on the side of the
subject away from the light source, to absorb (and not let light reflect
back into the subject) and allow a natural fall-off of light. The best
absorber is black velvet. You bring the black velvet absorber as close as
you can to the subject, without it coming into the viewfinder. It is that
simple.
To make this absorber, use another one meter square
sheet of foamcore and cover one side with black velvet material. You pin
or clip the material to it and that is it.
You will really be amazed by the way the use of a reflector and
absorber can put a different atmosphere into your photographs –
especially portraits. Try taking the same shot using different reflectors
and note the difference for future use.
Modern Medicine: Are check-ups really worthwhile?
by Dr. Iain Corness, ConsultantThis
may look like a strange concept, but bears thinking about for a moment. Are
check-ups really worthwhile? We all have to die one day (even me), and as I
often say, despite all the advances in modern medicine, the death rate will
always be the same – one per person. So is it better to die in blissful
ignorance, or rush upstairs in full knowledge of what got you?
One reason why I ask the question is because many people
have the feeling that by having an annual check-up, they have become
invincible. Sorry, but annual check-ups do not make you 10 foot tall and
bulletproof. You can check out as 100 percent fit today, and die from liver
cancer in six months. That is the awful truth.
So let’s look at the whole concept of the annual
check-up. What it does is to provide a base-line from which all other
measurements can be compared. Obviously, if something is very much out of
kilter on that initial check, then it will need to be dealt with, but I am
looking at the fit young adult, where everything is 100 percent. Repeated
measurements will show trends or movements relative to the 100 percent
baseline. If blood sugar is moving steadily upwards, then you can almost
predict when the level will become too high and the increasing sugar level
becomes the start of Diabetes. Correction of the upward trend early in the
history can stop the advent of Diabetes, with all the visual and metabolic
problems, even including amputation of limbs. Looking at that scenario makes
the annual check-up really good value!
You can use that same logical line of thinking to
encompass blood pressure, cholesterol, prostate specific antigen, Pap smears
and even liver function tests to see just how well your body is handling the
daily alcohol workload. All of these slow moving parameters can give you the
time for correction if you have some serial records taken at annual
check-ups. The effects of increasing hypertension and high cholesterol are
well documented, and longevity is not one of them!
Now there are those people who have had religious annual
check-ups, and something happens medically that comes “out of the blue”.
Has the check-up been a waste of time/effort/money etc.? The answer is a
resounding No! Take for example, an illness that has appeared three months
after the annual check-up. Since the problem was not present three months
previously, your doctor can say confidently that this is a new or fast
growing condition. This can make a huge difference to the treatment.
Conservative “wait and see” is probably not indicated. Something faster
and more radical will be the way to handle this situation. Sure, the
check-up could not ‘predict’ the sudden disease process, but has helped
as far as the appropriate treatment is concerned.
While I did point out at the beginning of this item that
the death rate will remain the same at one per person, the annual check-up
can have a huge bearing on the quality of one’s later life. There is
little point in getting to 80 years of age, if the previous 10 years are
full of pain and physical restrictions, especially if the conditions
producing the pain and restrictions could have been averted by timely
intervention monitored by an annual check-up.
Do I think the annual check-up is worthwhile? Yes I do.
That is why I have one each year too! And if I have convinced you to have
one too, the Bangkok-Pattaya Hospital is having their annual check-up
promotion where you can get around about a 50 percent reduction for the cost
of the check-up. You have to pay before December 20, and the check-up has to
be taken before April 30. Contact the hospital today!
Learn to Live to Learn: My Cup Runneth Over: Metamorphosis
with Andrew Watson
As the poet said: “We live our lives forever taking
leave.” As my predecessor George Benedikt wrote; “The world is a
tempestuous and uncertain place”. And so it has come to pass, that my
time has come, to metamorphose. The unseen reality behind my columns
over the past year or so has been a great deal of work, research and
travel, always with the critical, compassionate and provocative intent,
of stimulating increasingly informed debate on a subject about which I
am passionate: education.
 The
first blue light of dawn turns the sea into glassy indigo.
Of all the mantras which I have shared with the many
readers of “Learn to Live to Learn”, in what I know has become part
of the regular Friday and weekend dietary ritual of newsprint and
discussion, the one which sums my philosophy up best is the title:
“Learn to Live to Learn.” I saw it with my own eyes during a visit
to the ancient city of Sukothai almost four years ago, where this
Buddhist maxim was nailed to a tree. It encapsulated my feelings,
especially as I had recently narrowly escaped with my life from the bomb
ravaged streets of Jerusalem.
For me, learning has always necessarily been a
lifelong process. Perhaps more importantly, committing myself to the
belief that we are each other’s students and teachers, has I hope,
endowed me with a humility which those too full of the pus of prejudice,
might call arrogance. For in the classroom and beyond, I have always
encouraged students to question what they are being told, in the certain
hope that as a result, they will become people of initiative,
independence, instinct, intuition, intelligence and compassion. It is as
if I end all my sentences with the phrase, “Of course, I could be
wrong!” (Hazell, 2005)
Yet there is more still. At the centre of my world I
keep something more valuable than any quantity of cash. Long ago, I
invested in the currency of unconditional love and I must tell you, that
this investment has reaped rich dividends. So much so, that with the
birth of each new morning, I arise with the dawn, and as the first blue
light turns the sea into glassy indigo, I am filled with a feeling of
great joy and a sense of immense fortune. My cup runneth over. Suddenly
I understand many things, such as how people’s experience and
education is only limited by themselves and how perversely, how many
seem bent on a narrow parochial path which they choose because of a
mistaken belief that it provides the safest, most trouble free route to
the grave (after all, death is the one certainty of life).
Whereas, in reality, nowhere is safe, least of all a
place where we subjugate a sense of social justice for personal gain. Or
a place where the greatest love of all, where one man lays down his life
for another, becomes a mythical concept. Or a place where Bertrand
Russell’s provocative proposal, “Most men would rather die, than
think,” becomes the daily and continuing reality of a long journey to
obscurity, via mediocrity, from which there is no return. And on the
road to purgatory, men and women will wantonly cast ideals aside. Morals
become yesterday’s garbage to throw out, ethics an ancient word with
no meaning, justice a joke to laugh at whilst we swim in streams of
alcohol. Ignorance, greed, hatred and jealousy, become the false idols,
shopping malls the new temples. Bibles, Torahs and Korans are bookends,
the lessons of history condemned to minor roles in a tragic play.
So we make the same mistakes again, like stupid oxen.
And then we have the audacity to watch surprised, as acts of biblical
inhumanity are perpetrated around the globe. In our shelter on the other
side of the world, we claim, “It’s nothing to do with us”. But
nothing could be further from the truth. Sages, Shamans, Gurus, learned
men, Poets, Scientists, Artists, Great leaders of vision across time,
have all recognised the same undying truism. And so do the “Good
Books”. All things are one.
We are all part of the same family of common
humanity, and recognising and accepting this simple fact is an
emancipating and enlightening thing. We are freed from “mental
slavery” (Marley, 1982). The next step is doing something about it. On
a daily basis. Nobody ever said this was easy, but if I want a better
future for my children and students, personally I don’t think I have
an option. And I cannot ask a student to do something I’m not prepared
to do myself, whether it’s picking up the litter in the yard, or
standing up to bullies.
Nevertheless, demonstrating courage, resilience,
integrity, strength and honour and (of course) judgment, in taking on
the devil of grotesque iniquity, can induce a price which many tire of
paying. As Jesus Christ, Mandela, Martin Luther King, Ghandi, amongst
many others have discovered, the path of righteousness can be a very
lonely one.
And so it has come to pass, that with students
reading and using this column on a weekly basis as part of their studies
in at least ten schools (that I know of) spanning five continents (a
source of great pride, if you don’t mind) and a burgeoning and
increasingly appreciative audience locally and regionally, I must
metamorphose. From writing, to talking (perhaps I’m verbose in both?).
My television talk show, “Perspectives” seems to
be a great success, for which I must thank the whole team, especially
Paul Strachan. Such a success, in fact, that I am spending more and more
time away from my family. And this I cannot allow. So at least for the
time being, I will be unable to add to “Learn to Live to Learn”.
Nonetheless, I do have some excellent news for fans
of the column. All the “Learn to Live to Learn” columns that have
ever been written, are to be turned into a book of the same name, with
contextual additions explaining what it was that was going on locally,
regionally and globally, (or indeed in my mind!) to sire that week’s
(arguably sententious) progeny. The book should be published in about
six month’s time, with proceeds going to a charity of my choice. Look
in the Pattaya Mail for news of its progress! Free copies will go to all
educational institutions in the region and I hope that its contents will
provide some humorous and informative material, not least to those
funding their own post graduate educational programmes. Now, I know this
hiatus is disappointing news for many, if not all of you. However, I
cannot imagine staying away for long, so be ready to welcome me back,
sooner or later!
Before closing this chapter, I must thank just some
of the extraordinary people, whose advice, strength, support and
loyalty, has made them stand out like stars on a dark night. This, by
the way, is a list: James & Anita Abraham, Nick Hazell, Julian
Milward, June Van den Bos, Sally Holloway, Patti & Shannon McMullen,
Peter & Ning, Christine & Malcolm, Chris Watson, David Moriarty,
Peter Shmelwyn, Richard Callard, Martin Cook, Luib Feeley, Dr. Virachai,
Ron Shultz, Chris Wright, David Lowder, Ben & Simon Coulson, Wendy
& Tim, Kat & Craig Rosier, Gareth Sutcliffe, Nalini, May Lee,
Ian Clubb, ‘Puto’ de Glossop, Micha Mirzoev, Suhas Bhat, Ben Shield,
Nick Frost, Greg Miller, David & Stella McCracken, Helen Fail, Nigel
Forbes-Harper, Jim, Christine, Sharona, Shamayim & Blue Watson. Most
of all, thank you to Peter Malhotra and Dan, my benefactor and editor,
respectively.
Another evening has melted away. I have watched the
sky move effortlessly from turquoise to fuchsia over an acquiescent
ocean. As for the text, the body is gone. Now only the spirit remains.
So until next time, “Shalom”.
[email protected]
 Heart to Heart with Hillary
Dear Hillary,
In Chiang Mai I recently met a Thai woman, Dong, and we’ve been going
out nearly every night. Dong is not a bar girl, we met in a restaurant,
and were introduced. I mentioned my thrilling new relationship to a
married farang woman friend, who wrote the following, “Please don’t
use the word love. It’s like each of you is living out a fantasy
you’ve fallen into (I am big and strong, I’m #1, I’m important to
this gorgeous woman, my masculinity is overpowering, no one else except
this lovely has ever understood me before, etc.) and Dong is saying
“If I add his payment to the other four I am receiving, I can buy the
new moped I’m looking at. I will eat good tonight. Let’s see, he
leaves in two weeks, and then Horst comes in on the following
Thursday.” And all the while you are smiling from ear to ear, and why
not? Thai women are taught to serve men, and would be doing that anyway,
to a Thai man, but not reaping the financial benefits of the farang man.
So why not work smarter?”
I know no one more cynical than you, Hillary, but don’t you think this
is just over the top? I mean, I think we’re talking true love here.
Found true love
Dear found true love,
You have me a little confused here. You assert in the first paragraph
that the wonderful Dong is not a bar girl because you met in a
restaurant. So what is she? A restaurant girl? Bar girls do eat, my
Petal. You also say you have been going out nearly every night. For how
long? One week? One month? One year? It is fine and natural to fall
rapturously in love with someone, but do not expect that everyone else
will be as enamored of the relationship as you are. Your married friend
is just trying to stop you breaking your heart in a whirlwind romance.
Keep your eyes open and your wallet closed.
Dear Hillary,
Wise old owl that your are, can you please advise me on an important
partnership problem? My beautiful 21 year old Thai concubine is perfect
in many ways and behaves generally like ladies should and gentlemen
expect. For example, she doesn’t bend my ear with unnecessary female
type senseless chatter and only speaks when spoken to, has learned how
to make gin and tonic just as I like it, waits on me hand and foot,
keeps the house spotless and the one rai garden in good order, twice
weekly washes cleans and polishes the car to showroom condition, carries
my beer cans when we go for a walk, clips my toe and finger nails and
cuts my hair to perfection, is a cordon bleu chef in the kitchen and a
slut in bed, knows better than to ask for extra money and accounts in
writing for every satang she spends when shopping. In return she enjoys
a generous allowance of 1,000 baht a month (out of which I deduct a mere
600 for board and lodging), I allow her to eat at table with me, take
her out once a fortnight when we go Dutch, rarely swear at her and
hardly ever beat her - then only when in my cups. A good, healthy, well
balanced, two way relationship you would think.
But no, she has a couple of really bad habits I cannot cure. She NEVER
leaves the toilet seat up ready for me to use and she will insist on
squeezing the toothpaste tube in the middle and not at the far end from
the cap. I find both of these insubordinate actions unbearable, so
should I replace her with a lucky someone who is more amenable, or make
her use the bathroom in the unoccupied maids quarters? I’m a modern
man who believes in equality between the sexes, so do you think she is
taking advantage of my generous and easy going nature? The age
difference is negligible because I am just 62 and not inexperienced with
women as I have been married and, for inexplicable reasons, divorced
five times, but this lady has got me puzzled as I have never had to deal
with such serious matters before. I am diplomatic in my ways and would
never dream of causing offence.
I know you would dearly love to replace her, but please save us both
embarrassment by not applying. I’m not into chocolate guzzling,
champagne swilling, over-weight, aging and wrinkly farang women.
The Perfect English Gentleman
Dear Perfect English Gentleman,
A veritable paragon of virtue and joie de vivre, aren’t you? I can’t
imagine why your concubine would want to leave, but then, she probably
hasn’t got the keys to the leg irons, so wouldn’t get far anyway. I
think you are being just a trifle ‘picky’ over the toilet seat,
Petal. She’s leaving it down so that you can sit for a happy poo or
two. (Men do sit for Number 2’s, I’ve been told.) As far as the
toothpaste transgressions, I cannot countenance this either. The answer
here is to make her buy her own tubes. Do not allow your toothpaste tube
to become communal! Thank you for hinting that perhaps I might like to
join you (I can tell you’re interested), but us wise old owls never
nest with cantankerous buzzards like you!
Psychological Perspectives: Prevalence of domestic violence
in Thai society is underscored by two studies
by Michael Catalanello,
Ph.D.
Domestic violence is a very serious, yet
hidden problem in Thailand, according to two recently concluded studies.
A report issued in November by the World Health
Organization (WHO) and another last week by the Thai Public Health
Ministry document the persistent pattern and toll of physical and
sexual violence against local women and children by husbands, partners,
family members and others.
Officials from the WHO interviewed 1536 women
between the ages of 15 and 49 in Bangkok and 1282 in Nakhon Sawan. Forty
one percent of women surveyed in Bangkok who had ever had partners and 47%
in Nakhon Sawan reported episodes of physical or sexual violence by an
intimate partner.
Intimate partners are by no means the only perpetrators
of violence against women. Eight to 10% of respondents reported physical
violence occurring since the age of 15 years by someone other than a
partner. Relatives of the victim were most commonly identified as
perpetrators of physical violence. Six percent of women surveyed in
Bangkok, and 3% in Nakhon Sawan reported experiencing sexual violence since
the age of 15 years by a non-partner, according to the WHO report.
An alarming number of women report having been forced
into their first sexual experience as a minor. Nine percent of those
surveyed in Bangkok and 5% in Nakhon Sawan reported such an experience
before the age of 15. In Bangkok, strangers were the attackers 58% of the
time, compared to 30% in Nakhon Sawan.
A minority of abused women reported episodes of domestic
violence to authorities, such as health, law enforcement, religious, or
local officials: 20% in Bangkok and 10% Nakhon Sawan.
In a report issued last week, the Thai Ministry of
Public Health documented a total of 10,241 reported cases of domestic
violence or harassment during the first ten months of 2005. This represents
a five-fold increase in reports since 2002. A third of the perpetrators of
those incidents were family members of the victim, including husbands and
fathers.
A total of 4% of women in both provinces who had ever
been pregnant had experienced physical violence during a pregnancy. Being
punched or kicked in the abdomen during pregnancy accounted for about a
third of the attacks. The perpetrator was almost always the father of the
child.
Domestic violence is a complex issue, and causes are
difficult to nail down with certainty; however, experts suggest that
certain social factors may play a role in promoting this activity. For
example, gender inequality is often viewed as an important factor. Women
are universally assigned an inferior role within societies, and this is
particularly evident in Thai culture. Men who view themselves as superior
to women might use violence as a means of asserting their authority over
women. There are, likewise, powerful social and economic pressures upon
women to be accepting of male domination.
Relatively few women attempt to overcome the effects of
gender inequality by utilizing public institutions like law enforcement.
Those who do, however, often encounter other obstacles. These obstacles are
in the form of negative attitudes of police toward victims of domestic
violence. Those reporting abuse sometimes experience further humiliation by
authorities who appear to hold the view that domestic violence in a private
affair.
Some legal experts suggest that victims of domestic
violence who pursue remedies in the courts also encounter inequalities in
the legal system. For example, according to some, marital rape could be
considered a legal practice because of ambiguities in Thai law. Even if
perpetrators are successfully prosecuted, other problems may arise, such as
when victims of domestic abuse are economically dependent upon the
perpetrator for support.
The WHO report recommends a number of steps aimed
at changing the attitudes and cultural norms that permit domestic abuse to
flourish. Psychological interventions designed around principles of anger
management are often used effectively with perpetrators of domestic
violence. Violence prevention, HIV/AIDS, and sex education programs aimed
at children and youth are recommended. Health care and related medical
service providers need skills and training to learn to identify victims of
domestic violence and provide effective intervention. The general public
also needs to develop greater awareness and sensitivity to the problem of
domestic violence.
According to Dr. Claudia Garcia Moreno, WHO Study Coordinator,
governments and communities need to mobilize to combat domestic violence.
“WHO will continue to raise awareness about violence and the
important role that public health can play to address its causes and
consequences,” she said. “Globally, we need to stop the violence from
happening in the first place, and to provide help and support to women who
are in abusive relationships.”
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Dr. Catalanello is a licensed psychologist in his home State of Louisiana, USA, and a member of the Faculty of Liberal Arts at Asian University,
Chonburi. You may address questions and comments to him at [email protected], or post on his weblog at
http://asianupsych.blogspot.com
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