Today is Tuesday, April 19, the 110th day of 2016. There are 256 days left in the year.
Highlights in history on this date:
1587 – British fleet under Sir Francis Drake sacks Cadiz, Spain.
1775 – War of American Independence opens with defeat of British at Lexington and Concord in what is now the state of Massachusetts.
1783 – U.S. Congress announces end of War of American Independence.
1794 – Britain, by Treaty of the Hague, subsidizes 60,000 Prussian and Dutch troops in coalition against France.
1859 – Austria issues ultimatum to Sardinia to disarm, but it is rejected.
1892 – The prototype of the first commercially successful American automobile is completed in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Charles E. Duryea and his brother Frank.
1897 – The first Boston Marathon is run from Ashland, Massachusetts, to Boston.
1911 – Church and state are separated in Portugal.
1921 – Government of Ireland Act goes into effect, separating the island into the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland, both with limited self-rule within Great Britain.
1928 – Japan occupies Shantung in China.
1933 – The United States goes off the gold standard.
1943 – The Warsaw ghetto rises against the Nazis when they try to liquidate it. Most of the 60,000 Jews in the ghetto are killed or transported to concentration camps in the three-month rebellion.
1951 – U.S. General Douglas MacArthur gives his farewell speech after President Harry Truman removed him from command during the Korean War.
1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
1960 – South Korea’s founding president Syngman Rhee is toppled in a nationwide pro-democracy student uprising protesting election fraud.
1964 – Coalition government in Laos is deposed by right-wing military group.
1977 – Police in South Korea carry out nationwide roundup of dissidents.
1982 – Astronauts Sally Ride and Guion Bluford Jr. become the first woman and African-American selected for the NASA program.
1989 – A gun turret explodes aboard the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
1994 – Paul Touvier is sentenced to life imprisonment in France for ordering the execution of seven Jews during World War II; a Los Angeles jury awards $3.8 million to black motorist Rodney King, who was beaten by a group of policemen.
1995 – A truck bomb destroys a government building in Oklahoma City, killing 168 people and injuring 500. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols are later convicted for the bombing.
1996 – Liberian warlord Roosevelt Johnson agrees to let all foreigners leave Monrovia’s U.S. Embassy compound and let the peacekeepers set up a buffer zone around it to halt fighting.
1998 – The leaders of 34 countries in the Western Hemisphere, gathered at the Summit of the Americas in Santiago, Chile, agree to take steps to create the world’s largest free trade zone.
1999 – German parliament gathers for first time in renovated Reichstag, symbolizing government’s return to Berlin.
2000 – In the country’s worst aviation disaster, an Air Philippines plane crashes in the southern Philippines, killing all 131 people aboard.
2001 – Pharmaceutical companies drop a lawsuit against South Africa ending an international battle over patent rights and profit. The suit stemmed from a law that sought cheaper, generic AIDS drugs for millions of Africans.
2002 – The U.N. unanimously backs a resolution calling for an independent fact-finding team to investigate Israel’s assault on the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank three weeks earlier that caused widespread devastation and scores of civilian casualties.
2003 – About 100 striking Nigerian oil workers seize four offshore rigs and hold hostage 97 expatriate workers as well as more than 150 Nigerian nationals who refused to join the strike.
2005 – Joseph Ratzinger of Germany appears on a Vatican balcony as the 265th pontiff, Benedict XVI, as tens of thousands gather in St. Peter’s Square to cheer him.
2006 – Japan pushes ahead with a maritime survey near disputed islands over South Korea’s strenuous objections, risking a showdown with Seoul and further damaging relations between the tense neighbors.
2007 – After six years of wrangling, European Union members agree to watered-down rules for combatting racism and hate crimes across the 27-nation bloc, including setting jail sentences for those who deny or trivialize the Holocaust.
2008 – Pakistan’s ambassador to Afghanistan appears on a video aired by an Arab satellite channel, saying he was kidnapped by Taliban militants more than two months ago. Ambassador Tariq Azizuddin is released on May 17.
2009 – Turkish Cypriot nationalists win a parliamentary election that could stifle a promising effort to reunite Cyprus, an ethnically divided Mediterranean island.
2010 – Toyota hurriedly orders recalls of nearly 10,000 Lexus SUVs for possible rollover dangers and agrees to a record $16.4 million fine for a slow response in its broader earlier recall, scrambling to fix safety worries that threaten the Japanese auto giant’s reputation.
2011 – Britain sends up to 20 military advisers to help Libya’s ragtag rebel force break a military stalemate with Moammar Gadhafi’s army, even as NATO acknowledges that airstrikes alone cannot stop the daily shelling of the besieged opposition-held city of Misrata.
2012 – India’s successful test of a powerful new missile that can carry nuclear weapons to Beijing causes barely a ripple — even in China — just days after North Korea was globally vilified for a failed rocket launch.
2013 – Former Pakistan military ruler Pervez Musharraf vows to fight what he calls politically motivated allegations against him, following his arrest in a case involving his decision to fire senior judges while in power.
2014 – Divers finally find a way into a submerged ferry off South Korea’s southern shore, discovering more than a dozen bodies. More than 300 passengers and crew members died when the ferry capsized three days earlier.
2015 – A smuggler’s boat crammed with hundreds of migrants overturns off Libya’s coast as rescuers approach, causing the deadliest shipwreck ever in the Mediterranean.
Today’s Birthdays:
Edward Pellew, English admiral (1758-1823); August Wilhelm Iffland, German dramatist (1759-1814); Jose Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish dramatist, mathematician, statesman and Nobel laureate (1832-1916); Jayne Mansfield, U.S. actress (1932-1967); Dudley Moore, British-born actor (1935-2002); Tim Curry, English actor (1946–); Ashley Judd, U.S. actress (1968–); James Franco, U.S. actor (1978–); Kate Hudson, U.S. actress (1979–); Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor (1981–).
Thought For Today:
The greatest of faults, I should say, is to be conscious of none — Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), Scottish philosopher and writer.
