Despite
the fact that today’s digital cameras are full of electronic ‘all-everything’
automatic controls, there is even more satisfaction to be had by taking the mode
selector off ‘auto’ and placing it on another mode. Now, even though the super
cameras can seemingly do everything, no camera knows exactly what is in your
mind, which has driven you to want to take any particular shot.
You see, when you leave it all to the camera, it will give
you a nice average shot, with average exposure and average focus. It is only
after you take control that you will get the photos you imagine. You can also
get photos that you did not imagine, but will be very different from the
‘automatic mode’ pictures.
Improving your photography is really not all that difficult,
and you don’t even need to go to school. There are many world class famous
photographers who never had a lesson in their lives. But they did read, and they
did experiment, and they did learn from their own work.
There are really only two main variables, and after you
understand them and what they do to your photograph it becomes very simple.
The first thing to remember is that the correct exposure is
merely a function of how large is the opening of the lens and how much time the
shutter is left open to let the light into the camera. That’s almost it - that
is photography in a nutshell. No gimmicks or fancy numbers - a straight out
relationship - how open and for how long - this is known as the “Exposure”.
Now I will presume, for the sake of this exercise that you
have an SLR and use it in the automatic mode. Let’s go straight to the “mode”
menu and select “A” or “Aperture Priority”. In this mode it means that you can
choose the aperture yourself, and the camera will work out the shutter speed
that corresponds to the correct exposure. Simple.
Now select “A” and then look at the lens barrel and you will
see the Aperture numbers, generally between 2.8 and 22. To give you a subject
with sharp focus in the foreground and a gently blurred background, you need to
select an aperture around f2.8 to f4. Hey! It was that simple. To get those
“professional” portrait shots, with the model’s face clear and the background
all wishy washy, just use the A mode and select an Aperture around f4 to f 2.8.
Now, if on the other hand you want everything to be nice and
sharp, all the way from the front to the back, like in a landscape picture, then
again select A and set the lens barrel aperture on f16 to f22. The camera will
again do the rest for you. Again - it’s that easy!
Flushed with creative success, let’s carry on. The next mode
to try is the “S” setting. In this one, you set the shutter speed and the camera
automatically selects the correct aperture to suit. Take a look at the shutter
speed dial or indicator and you will see a series of numbers that represent
fractions of a second.
First, let’s “stop the action” by using a fast shutter speed.
For most action shots, select S and set the shutter speed on around 1/500th to
1/1000th and you will get a shot where you have stopped the runner in mid
stride, or the car half way through the corner or the person bungee jumping.
Yes, it’s that easy.
So this week you have learned that to get a good portrait
shot use the A mode and set the aperture on f4 to f2.8 and forget about the rest
of the technical stuff. Just compose a nice photograph and go from there. (Do
remember to walk in close however!) To get a great landscape shot, again use the
A mode and set the aperture at f16 to f22.
Finally, to stop the action, choose the S mode and around
1/500th of a second and you won’t get blurry action shots ever again.
Certainly there are other aspects to good photography, but master the A and S
modes first and you will produce better pictures.
